Szenvedő szerkezet (Passive voice)
Képzése: be ige ragozott alakja (a megfelelő igeidőben) + a főige 3. alakja
He is invited to the party. (Meg van híva a bulira.)
Használata: a cselekvést vagy a cselekvés tárgyát hangsúlyozzuk a cselekvés végrehajtója helyett (a cselekvő személyt 'by' elöljárószóval jelölhetjük)
Csak tárgyas igék esetében használjuk.
| |
Alany
(Subject) |
Állítmány
(Predicate) |
Közvetett tárgy/ részeshatározó
(Indirect Object) |
Valódi tárgy
(Direct Object) |
Cselekvő személy |
Határozó |
Cselekvő
(Active) |
He |
gave |
me |
a book |
|
for my birthday |
Szenvedő
(Passive1.) |
A book |
was given |
to me |
|
by him |
for my birthday |
Szenvedő
(Passive2.) |
I |
was given |
|
a book |
by him |
for my birthday |
- cselekvő mondat tárgya > szenvedő mondat alanya
I was said to be intelligent. (Azt mondták rólam, hogy intelligens vagyok.
- cselekvő mondat részeshatározója > szenvedő mondat alanya
I was told that I was intelligent. (Azt mondták nekem, hogy intelligens vagyok.)
igeidő |
Cselekvő |
Szenvedő |
Simple Present |
I wash the dishes every day. |
The dishes are washed (by me) every day. |
Present Continuous |
I am washing the dishes now. |
The dishes are being washed now. |
Simple Past |
She washed the dishes yesterday. |
The dishes were washed yesterday. |
Past Continuous |
She was washing the dishes all the afternoon. |
The dishes were being washed all the afternoon. |
Present Perfect |
I have washed the dishes. |
The dishes have been washed. |
Past Perfect |
After I had washed the dishes, I had a rest. |
After the dishes had been washed, I had a rest. |
Simple Future |
I shall wash the dishes tomorrow. |
The dishes will be washed tomorrow. |
Future Perfect |
I shall have washed the dishes by the time you come home. |
The dishes will have been washed by the time you come home. |
Segédigés szerkezetek
A segédigéknek nincs szenvedő alakjuk, a mögöttük álló főnévi igenevet alakítjuk át.
Present: (to) be + főige 3. alakja
We must pay the bill in cash. > The bill must be paid in cash. (A számlát készpénzben kell kifizetni.)
Perfect: (to) have been + főige 3. alakja
They should have done the job within two days. > The job should have been done
within two days. (A munkát két nap alatt el kellett volna végezni.)
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