Függőbeszéd (Indirect / Reported Speech)
Nem szószerinti idézés.
Ha a bevezető mondat igeideje:
- jelen, jövő, Present Perfect: az idézett mondat igeidejét nem kell megváltoztatni
"I live in Budapest." > She says she lives in Budapest. (Azt mondja, hogy Budapesten lakik.)
2. múlt idő: igeidő egyeztetés (az idézett mondat igeideje eggyel múltabba kerül, mint az eredeti igeidő)
"I live in Budapest." > She said she lived in Budapest. (Azt mondja, hogy Budapesten lakik.)
igeidő |
Direct sentence |
Indirect sentence |
igeidő |
Simple Present |
I write a letter every week. |
She said she wrote a letter every week. |
Simple Past |
Present Continuous |
I am writing a letter now. |
She said she was writing a letter at that time. |
Past Continuous |
Simple Past |
I wrote a letter yesterday. |
She said she had written a letter the day before. |
Past Perfect |
Past Continuous |
I was writing a letter from six to seven yesterday. |
She said she had been writing a letter from six to seven the day before. |
Past Perfect Continuous |
Present Perfect |
I have written a letter. |
She said she had written a letter. |
Past Perfect |
Present Perfect Continuous |
I have been writing a letter for an hour. |
She said she had been writing a letter for an hour |
Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect |
After I had written the letter I posted it. |
She said after she had written the letter she posted it. |
Past Perfect |
Past Perfect Continuous |
After I had been writing the letter for an hour I posted it. |
She said after she had been writing the letter for an hour she posted it. |
Past Perfect Continuous |
Simple Future |
I shall write a letter tomorrow. |
She said she would write a letter the next day. |
Future in the Past |
Future Continuous |
I shall be writing a letter all the afternoon. |
She said she would be writing a letter all the afternoon. |
Future Continuous in the Past |
Future Perfect |
I shall have written the letter by the time you come back. |
She said she would have written the letter by the time you come back |
Future Perfect in the Past |
A segédigék az alábbiak szerint változnak:
Direct sentence |
Indirect sentence |
'I can help you.' |
He said he could help me. |
'I may tell you.' |
He said he might tell me. |
'I must go now.' |
He said he had to go at once. |
'I needn't buy it.' |
He said he didn't have to buy it. |
'I mustn't tell her.' |
He said he wasn't to tell her. |
'I must / shall have to leave next week.' |
He said he would have to leave the following week. |
'I needn't / won't have to leave next week.' |
He said he wouldn't have to leave the following week. |
'I mustn't leave next week.' |
He said he wasn't to leave the following week. |
Néhány ige és határozó az alábbiak szerint változik
Direct sentence |
Indirect sentence |
to come |
to go |
to bring |
to take |
here |
there |
now |
then |
this / these |
that / those |
today |
that day |
yesterday |
the previous day / the day before |
tomorrow |
the next day / the following day |
ago |
before |
last night |
the night before |
next week |
the following week |
Függő kérdés: kérdő szórend > egyenes szórend
- eldöntendő kérdés (yes/no question)
kötőszava: if / whether
'Are you going to the party?' > She asked if / whether I was going to the party.
- kiegészítendő kérdés (wh question)
kötőszava: kérdőszó
'How old are you?' > She asked how old I was.
Felszólító mondatok: to - infinitiv
- Állító: Clean the windows! > She told me to clean the windows.
- Tagadó: Don't say a word!' > He told me not to say a word.
Függőbeszédben változatlan marad:
- Past Perfect és Past Perfect Continuous igeidők, could, would, should, might, ought to
- a feltételes mondatok 2. és 3. alakja (lehetséges és lehetetlen feltétel)
'If I had more time I would do sports.'
He said if he had more time he would do sports.
- örök érvényű igazságok
The Earth goes around the sun.
He said the Earth goes around the sun.
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