Függő beszéd (Indirect / Reported Speech)
Nem szószerinti idézés.
Ha a bevezető mondat igeideje:
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jelen, jövő, Present Perfect: az idézett mondat igeidejét nem kell megváltoztatni
"I live in Budapest." > She says she lives in Budapest. (Azt mondja, hogy Budapesten lakik.)
2. múlt idő: igeidő egyeztetés (az idézett mondat igeideje eggyel múltabba kerül, mint az eredeti igeidő)
"I live in Budapest." > She said she lived in Budapest. (Azt mondja, hogy Budapesten lakik.)
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igeidő
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Direct sentence
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Indirect sentence
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igeidő
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Simple Present
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I write a letter every week.
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She said she wrote a letter every week.
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Simple Past
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Present Continuous
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I am writing a letter now.
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She said she was writing a letter at that time.
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Past Continuous
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Simple Past
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I wrote a letter yesterday.
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She said she had written a letter the day before.
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Past Perfect
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Past Continuous
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I was writing a letter from six to seven yesterday.
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She said she had been writing a letter from six to seven the day before.
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Present Perfect
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I have written a letter.
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She said she had written a letter.
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Past Perfect
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Present Perfect Continuous
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I have been writing a letter for an hour.
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She said she had been writing a letter for an hour
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Past Perfect
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After I had written the letter I posted it.
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She said after she had written the letter she posted it.
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Past Perfect
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Past Perfect Continuous
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After I had been writing the letter for an hour I posted it.
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She said after she had been writing the letter for an hour she posted it.
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Past Perfect Continuous
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Simple Future
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I shall write a letter tomorrow.
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She said she would write a letter the next day.
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Future in the Past
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Future Continuous
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I shall be writing a letter all the afternoon.
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She said she would be writing a letter all the afternoon.
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Future Continuous in the Past
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Future Perfect
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I shall have written the letter by the time you come back.
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She said she would have written the letter by the time you come back
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Future Perfect in the Past
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A segédigék az alábbiak szerint változnak:
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Direct sentence
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Indirect sentence
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'I can help you.'
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He said he could help me.
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'I may tell you.'
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He said he might tell me.
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'I must go now.'
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He said he had to go at once.
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'I needn't buy it.'
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He said he didn't have to buy it.
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'I mustn't tell her.'
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He said he wasn't to tell her.
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'I must / shall have to leave next week.'
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He said he would have to leave the following week.
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'I needn't / won't have to leave next week.'
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He said he wouldn't have to leave the following week.
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'I mustn't leave next week.'
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He said he wasn't to leave the following week.
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Néhány ige és határozó az alábbiak szerint változik
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Direct sentence
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Indirect sentence
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to come
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to go
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to bring
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to take
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here
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there
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now
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then
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this / these
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that / those
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today
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that day
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yesterday
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the previous day / the day before
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tomorrow
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the next day / the following day
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ago
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before
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last night
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the night before
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next week
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the following week
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Függő kérdés: kérdő szórend > egyenes szórend
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eldöntendő kérdés (yes/no question)
kötőszava: if / whether
'Are you going to the party?' > She asked if / whether I was going to the party.
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kiegészítendő kérdés (wh question)
kötőszava: kérdőszó
'How old are you?' > She asked how old I was.
Felszólító mondatok: to - infinitiv
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Állító: Clean the windows! > She told me to clean the windows.
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Tagadó: Don't say a word!' > He told me not to say a word.
Függőbeszédben változatlan marad:
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Past Perfect és Past Perfect Continuous igeidők, could, would, should, might, ought to
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a feltételes mondatok 2. és 3. alakja (lehetséges és lehetetlen feltétel)
'If I had more time I would do sports.'
He said if he had more time he would do sports.
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örök érvényű igazságok
The Earth goes around the sun.
He said the Earth goes around the sun.
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